Increase Exercise Endurance | Reduces ammonia produced from exercise so you can meet your workout goals |
Reduce Fatigue | Buffering ammonia combats fatigue and increases overall energy |
Increase Natural GH Release | Stimulate natural growth hormone release to increase muscle mass and bone density |
L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid. Therefore, supplementation is sometimes needed, especially in times of stress.
In addition to serving as a substrate to build muscles, L-arginine also acts as a vasodilator, which means it dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow. There is also some evidence that arginine can reduce blood pressure. L-arginine is used to treat erectile dysfunction by improving blood flow into the penis.
Since L-arginine can improve blood flow, it may improve exercise tolerance. Taking citrulline supplements also increases arginine. This is why arginine and citrulline are commonly taken together.
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that is produced in the body and is also found in watermelon, cucumber, squash, and pumpkin. In the body, L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine and L-ornithine. These three amino acids are part of the urea cycle which processes ammonia, a metabolic waste product.
L-citrulline increases L-arginine which increases nitric oxide. Increases in nitric oxide can increase blood flow to muscle, which can reduce fatigue, reduce energy expenditure, and increase exercise endurance.
L-ornithine is part of the urea cycle, along with L-arginine and L-citrulline. Together these amino acids help buffer ammonia in the blood. Ammonia activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which increases the production of lactate. This causes a decrease in muscle cell pH, a decrease in calcium release, and therefore a decrease in muscle contractility.
Ornithine and arginine promote the synthesis of growth hormone, which is expected to increase protein synthesis and muscle mass.
Ornithine | 100mg / mL | Learn More |
Arginine | 100mg / mL | Learn More |
Citrulline | 100mg / mL | Learn More |
L-arginine is an amino acid that the enzyme nitric oxide synthase converts to nitric oxide, a small molecule that causes smooth muscle to relax. Smooth muscle lines the blood vessels and the corpora cavernosa in the penis, as well as multiple other organs. Relaxing smooth muscle in the blood vessels increases blood flow.
Arginine can also be converted into ornithine in the urea cycle to get rid of excess ammonia, a waste product that increases fatigue and negatively impacts muscle power and endurance.
The nitric oxide and urea pathways compete. During times of stress or illness, urea and ornithine levels increase at the expense of nitric oxide. This process can cause an increase in inflammation and free radicals. This is why arginine is considered to be a conditionally essential amino acid.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine which is converted to nitric oxide, a small molecule that relaxes smooth muscle lining blood vessels and increases blood flow. Increased blood flow may reduce fatigue and increase exercise endurance.
Citrulline, ornithine, and arginine work in the urea cycle. This cycle clears ammonia, a waste product from the blood. Increased clearance may help reduce fatigue and increase exercise endurance because accumulating ammonia increases the production of lactate. When lactate accumulates, metabolic processes slow, causing muscle fatigue.
Citrulline also seems to be a more efficient way to increase arginine levels.
Unlike other amino acids, L-ornithine is not used by the body to make proteins. Instead, it is in the urea cycle, along with L-arginine and L-citrulline. Ornithine is converted to citrulline as it uses ammonia and produces urea. Ornithine is used to treat medical conditions that cause excess ammonia.
Ornithine promotes growth hormone release, stimulating muscle and bone development and decreasing body fat.
Ornithine, arginine, and citrulline have been studied for their exercise physiology benefits. Buffering metabolic byproducts allow muscles to perform at peak levels for longer periods, which means greater strength and power gains from each workout.
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Specific amino acids, including arginine, lysine, and ornithine, can stimulate growth hormone release. Some people increase ornithine consumption before exercise to increase growth hormone release and increase muscle mass and strength.
Oral amino acids in large doses are likely to cause stomach discomfort and diarrhea. This is why some users prefer an injectable over oral amino acids.
Intensive exercise also increases growth hormone release. In one study, increased ornithine before strenuous exercise increased growth hormone more than placebo.
L-ornithine does not make you sleepy, but it can reduce stress. In one study, L-ornithine consumption reduced cortisol levels, a marker for stress, and improved perceived mood and sleep quality. Participants also reported less anger and reduced fatigue.
In a clinical study, participants reported feeling less fatigue, hostility, and confusion after alcohol consumption when they took 400 mg of ornithine.
Taking 400 mg of ornithine improved mood and reduced salivary cortisol (a stress hormone) after alcohol consumption.
The study was small, but only enrolled “flushers” people who experienced negative side effects to alcohol consumption.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine in the body. L-arginine increases nitric oxide, a small molecule that relaxes smooth muscle lining blood vessels and increases blood flow.
Oral ED medications also increase nitric oxide. These medications increase blood flow into the penis, filling the corpora cavernosa, increasing pressure and producing an erection.
In one study, researchers found that supplementing with L-citrulline increased PGC‐1α levels, which resulted in increased skeletal muscle mass and prolonged time to muscle exhaustion.
In another study, cyclists who supplemented with L-citrulline had shorter race completion times and reported less muscle fatigue and better concentration after the race.
Both arginine and citrulline increase the production of nitric oxide, which increases blood flow into the muscle. However, oral arginine intake is subject to first-pass and systemic metabolism, which means less is available in your body to impact nitric oxide production. Citrulline is not subject to first-pass metabolism and, therefore, more effectively increases nitric oxide.
In a randomized, controlled study, adding L-arginine to sildenafil improved erectile function more than sildenafil alone.
Both L-arginine and sildenafil increase nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide relaxes the smooth muscle lining blood vessels increasing blood flow into the penis, producing an erection.
The combination increased the rate of gastric upset, but no other side effects were increased in number or severity.
Both sildenafil and arginine can reduce blood pressure. Talk to your doctor before combining arginine and sildenafil.
Potential side effects from arginine supplementation are rare but may include: